Ephesus Study Trip for Expert Tour Guides for Private Ephesus Tours - Part 5

Why Ephesus was abandoned? This is one of the most frequently asked questions by travelers who are on private tours of Ephesus with guides.
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City’s surroundings
City’s defense walls - later city walls and one of the gates of the city
How were the communication lines?
Where were the Graveyards?
Where were the Marble Quarries?

In this video he talks about the Types of Marble used in Ephesus.
According the researchers about marble and it's use in Ephesus, there are 35 different types of marble used in Ephesus Ancient City.

Among these 35 types some came from Italy, Egypt, Libya, Tunusia, Greek Islands. But mostly around Ephesus there are 25 marble quarries available.
​We found these quarries one by one, and studied at them.
​The pieces that were cut in the quarries are sent to the city half-proccessed. There are several reasons for that to eliminate the low quality ones at the quarry, they process it a little and if it doesn't brake it means it is safe to sue and to be sent to the city to be worked on.
​Most of the marble quarries are very near to the banks of River Kaystros. One of them that you can easily see is Kuşini Marble Quarry, this quarry is an exceptional because it is a Closed Quarry.
They opened it as a Gallery, they left column-like supports from the main bedrock, and went all the way below.
Near Pamucak Ephesus Princess Hotel, below that hotel there is a unbelievably big marble quarry.

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In here, there is a question if Ephesus was abandoned after Arab attacks?
The answer is no, city started being relocated and gradually abandoned once the harbor started being silted up and city lost its financial status.

Now we are standing in front of the Great Theater of Ephesus Ancient City and talk about a late defense wall for the city that was built around 7th century AD against the Arab attacks.
And where we stand was supposed to be a gate for the Ephesus city.
Since there was a gate and a door over there you can see the striations of the chariots.
​The distance between two wheels can be measured and it is the standard today for the locomotives.

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Now we are at the entrance of Terrace Houses Unit one look over Mt. Pion Hill and seeing the Hellenistic city Walls of Ephesus to protect the city.
The complete length of these walls is 9kms.
It can reach to 6 meters of width at some points and up to 10 meters of height.
In every 70 meters distance there is a bastion because of the archers aiming distance is 35 meters.

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In here we are talking about the possible graveyard locations at and around Ephesus.
At the lower entrance of Ephesus there is a Gendarme checkpoint and a restaurant Tusan that part is a graveyard. 
Different time periods different locations are used as graveyards, we are not able to say for sure, this place is graveyard for always.

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Is there a Gladiator Grave yard then?
Yes, behind the Stadium, Hippodrome of Ephesus there is a path going to the Grotto of Seven Sleepers, a Stoa walkway called Damianus Stoa, it's right and left sides were Gladiator graves.

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​In this video he talks about Communication lines among Ephesus and other cities.
They would use high grounds and towers that can oversee other hills close to different cities such as Metropolis and Smyrna.

They would do this either with Mirror, Fire or Smoke. 
According to calculations and information could be delivered at Ephesus at least in half an hour from a 50 mile distance from Smyrna.